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Mar Ecol Prog Ser 395:201–222ĭumyahn SL, Pijanowski BC (2011) Beyond noise mitigation: managing soundscapes as common-pool resources. Biol Lett 6:458–461Ĭlark CW, Ellison WT, Southall BL, Hatch L, Van Parijs SM, Frankel A, Ponirakis D (2009) Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: intuitions, analysis, and implication. Conserv Biol (in review)Ĭhan AAY-H, Giraldo-Perez P, Smith S, Blumstein DT (2010) Anthropogenic noise affects risk assessment and attention: the distracted prey hypothesis. J Int Wildl Law Policy (in press)īlickley JL, Blackwood D, Paticelli GL (2011) Experimental evidence for avoidance of chronic noise exposure by greater sage-grouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(49):20887–20892īlickley JL, Patricelli GL (2011) Impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife: research priorities for the development of standards and mitigation. Biol Lett 23:36–38īierwagen B, Theobald DM, Pyke CR, Choate A, Groth AP, Thomas JV, Morefield P (2010) National housing and impervious surface scenarios for integrated climate impact assessments. Biol Conserv 143:1307–1316īermúdez-Cuamatzin E, Ríos-Chelén AA, Gil D, Garcia CM (2011) Experimental evidence for real-time song frequency shift in response to urban noise in a passerine bird. Conserv Biol 22:1186–1193īenítez-López A, Alkemade R, Verweij PA (2010) The impacts of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: a meta-analysis. Trends Ecol Evol 25:180–189īayne EM, Habib L, Boutin S (2008) Impacts of chronic anthropogenic noise from energy-sector activity on abundance of songbirds in the boreal forest. The design of observational and experimental studies of noise effects should be informed by knowledge of regional noise exposure patterns.īarber JR, Crooks C, Fristrup K (2010) The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms.
Cadnaa limitations free#
The spatial scale of noise exposure is far larger than any protected area, and no site in the continental US is free form noise. For road noise, we transform effect distances from two studies into sound levels to begin a discussion of noise thresholds for wildlife. As a heuristic tool for understanding past and future noise pollution we forecast community noise utilizing a spatially-explicit land-use change model that depicts the intensity of human development at sub-county resolution.
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We focus these efforts in US National Parks (Mesa Verde, Grand Teton and Glacier) to highlight that ecological noise pollution is not a threat restricted to developed areas and that many protected natural areas experience significant noise loads. Here we present models of energy extraction, aircraft overflight and roadway noise as examples of spatially extensive sources and to present tools available for landscape scale investigations. Collectively, this research suggests that spatial extent and intensity of potential noise impacts to wildlife can be studied by mapping noise sources and modeling the propagation of noise across landscapes.
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Recent studies of wildlife responses to noise have decisively identified changes in animal behaviors and spatial distributions that are caused by noise. The extensive literature documenting the ecological effects of roads has repeatedly implicated noise as one of the causal factors.